Real estate tokenization has reached an inflection point in 2025. With $18B+ in TVL across RWA protocols and projections of $4T in tokenized real estate by 2035, we're witnessing the transformation of property into programmable financial primitives.
Here's how fractional property ownership works on-chain 🧵
Tokenized real estate merges on-chain logic with legal reality through 5 layers:
• Blockchain settlement,
• Compliant token standards (ERC-3643/7518),
• Oracle systems,
• SPV legal wrappers,
• Orchestration layers for KYC/custody.
ERC-3643 changed the game.
ONCHAINID links wallets to verified KYC, IdentityRegistry enforces whitelist-only transfers, and ModularCompliance enables programmable rules—holding periods, jurisdiction locks, transfer limits—all enforced at the contract level.
Real estate tokens depend on off-chain data (valuations, rental income, ownership status).
Solution: Multi-source decentralized oracles with:
• Median aggregation,
• Reputation-weighted validation,
• Fallback mechanisms
to prevent data manipulation.
Security is critical. Smart contracts handling regulated securities face reentrancy, access control bypass, and compliance bypass risks. Defense requires formal verification, static analysis, multi-sig controls, and rigorous audits from RWA-specialized security firms.
Live ecosystems:
• RealT (535+ properties, $101M),
• Lofty (daily yield on Algorand),
• Prypco (Dubai Land Department integration with real-time registry sync).
Three models proving tokenized ownership works at scale today.
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